1. Draw 1 mL bacteriostatic water with a sterile syringe.
2. Inject slowly down the vial wall; avoid foaming.
3. Gently swirl until dissolved (do not shake).
4. Label and refrigerate at 2 to 8 °C, protected from light. At 10 mg/mL, 1 unit = 0.01 mL » 100 mcg on a U-100 insulin syringe.

KPV is the C-terminal tripeptide sequence (residues 11-13) of a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (a-MSH), retaining potent anti-inflammatory activity without the hormone’s melanotropic effects. Preclinical studies demonstrate KPV reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-a, IL-6, IL-1b) and modulates immune cell activity in models of inflammatory bowel disease, colitis, and systemic inflammation. The peptide’s mechanism involves inhibition of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling and modulation of inflammatory mediator release. Subcutaneous administration provides systemic delivery with rapid absorption and sustained anti-inflammatory effects observed in daily dosing protocols.

• Anti-inflammatory activity: Reduces pro-inflammatory cytokines and modulates immune responses in
  models of inflammatory bowel disease and systemic inflammation.
• Multiple routes: Oral and subcutaneous administration show activity, with subcutaneous favoured for
  systemic delivery and consistent bioavailability.
• Wound healing support: Preclinical data suggest KPV may support tissue repair and wound healing
  processes through inflammatory modulation.
• Generally well tolerated: Occasional mild injection-site reactions (redness, slight swelling) may occur;
  systemic side effects are rarely reported in research protocols.
• No melanotropic effects: Unlike full a-MSH, KPV does not affect melanocyte activity or skin
  pigmentation.